Publications
2002
Ligoxygakis Petros, Bulet Philippe, Reichhart Jean-Marc
Critical evaluation of the role of the Toll-like receptor 18-Wheeler in the host defense of Drosophila Article de journal
Dans: EMBO Rep., vol. 3, no. 7, p. 666–673, 2002, ISSN: 1469-221X.
Résumé | Liens | BibTeX | Étiquettes: Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Fat Body, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Immunohistochemistry, Immunologic, Insect, Insect Proteins, Larva, M3i, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Membrane Proteins, Receptors, reichhart, Reporter, Spectrometry, Transgenes
@article{ligoxygakis_critical_2002,
title = {Critical evaluation of the role of the Toll-like receptor 18-Wheeler in the host defense of Drosophila},
author = {Petros Ligoxygakis and Philippe Bulet and Jean-Marc Reichhart},
doi = {10.1093/embo-reports/kvf130},
issn = {1469-221X},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {EMBO Rep.},
volume = {3},
number = {7},
pages = {666--673},
abstract = {Essential aspects of innate immune responses to microbial infections appear to be conserved between insects and mammals. In particular, in both groups, transmembrane receptors of the Toll superfamily play a crucial role in activating immune defenses. The Drosophila Toll family member 18-Wheeler had been proposed to sense Gram-negative infection and direct selective expression of peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria. Here we re-examine the role of 18-Wheeler and show that in adults it is dispensable for immune responses. In larvae, 18wheeler is required for normal fat body development, and in mutant larvae induction of all antimicrobial peptide genes, and not only of those directed against Gram-negative bacteria, is compromised. 18-Wheeler does not qualify as a pattern recognition receptor of Gram-negative bacteria.},
keywords = {Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Fat Body, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Immunohistochemistry, Immunologic, Insect, Insect Proteins, Larva, M3i, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Membrane Proteins, Receptors, reichhart, Reporter, Spectrometry, Transgenes},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2001
Jung Alain C, Criqui M C, Rutschmann Sophie, Hoffmann Jules A, Ferrandon Dominique
A microfluorometer assay to measure the expression of beta-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein reporter genes in single Drosophila flies Article de journal
Dans: BioTechniques, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 594–598, 600–601, 2001, ISSN: 0736-6205.
Résumé | BibTeX | Étiquettes: Animals, beta-Galactosidase, Cytophotometry, ferrandon, Genes, Green Fluorescent Proteins, hoffmann, Luminescent Proteins, M3i, Reporter
@article{jung_microfluorometer_2001,
title = {A microfluorometer assay to measure the expression of beta-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein reporter genes in single Drosophila flies},
author = {Alain C Jung and M C Criqui and Sophie Rutschmann and Jules A Hoffmann and Dominique Ferrandon},
issn = {0736-6205},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-03-01},
journal = {BioTechniques},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {594--598, 600--601},
abstract = {beta-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) are among the most commonly used reporter genes to monitor gene expression in various organisms including Drosophila melanogaster. Their expression is usually detected in a qualitative way by direct microscopic observations of cells, tissues, or whole animals. To measure in vivo the inducibility of two antimicrobial peptide genes expressed during the Drosophila innate immune response, we have adapted two reporter gene systems based on the beta-galactosidase enzymatic activity and GFP. We have designed a 96-well microplate fluorometric assay sensitive enough to quantify the expression of both reporter genes in single flies. The assay has enabled us to process efficiently and rapidly a large number of individual mutant flies generated during an ethylmethane sulfonate saturation mutagenesis of the Drosophila genome. This method may be used in any screen that requires the quantification of reporter gene activity in individual insects.},
keywords = {Animals, beta-Galactosidase, Cytophotometry, ferrandon, Genes, Green Fluorescent Proteins, hoffmann, Luminescent Proteins, M3i, Reporter},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2000
Tzou P, Ohresser S, Ferrandon Dominique, Capovilla Maria, Reichhart Jean-Marc, Lemaitre Bruno, Hoffmann Jules A, Imler Jean-Luc
Tissue-specific inducible expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila surface epithelia Article de journal
Dans: Immunity, vol. 13, p. 737–48., 2000, ISSN: 1074-7613.
Résumé | BibTeX | Étiquettes: *Genes, Animal, Anti-Infective Agents/*immunology/metabolism, Drosophila/genetics/*immunology, ferrandon, Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology, Genes, Glycoside Hydrolases/immunology, hoffmann, Human, imler, Insect, Insect Proteins/genetics/immunology, M3i, Non-U.S. Gov't, Organ Specificity, P.H.S., reichhart, Reporter, Support, Transfection, U.S. Gov't
@article{tzou_tissue-specific_2000b,
title = {Tissue-specific inducible expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila surface epithelia},
author = {P Tzou and S Ohresser and Dominique Ferrandon and Maria Capovilla and Jean-Marc Reichhart and Bruno Lemaitre and Jules A Hoffmann and Jean-Luc Imler},
issn = {1074-7613},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {13},
pages = {737--48.},
abstract = {The production of antimicrobial peptides is an important aspect of host defense in multicellular organisms. In Drosophila, seven antimicrobial peptides with different spectra of activities are synthesized by the fat body during the immune response and secreted into the hemolymph. Using GFP reporter transgenes, we show here that all seven Drosophila antimicrobial peptides can be induced in surface epithelia in a tissue-specific manner. The imd gene plays a critical role in the activation of this local response to infection. In particular, drosomycin expression, which is regulated by the Toll pathway during the systemic response, is regulated by imd in the respiratory tract, thus demonstrating the existence of distinct regulatory mechanisms for local and systemic induction of antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila.},
keywords = {*Genes, Animal, Anti-Infective Agents/*immunology/metabolism, Drosophila/genetics/*immunology, ferrandon, Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology, Genes, Glycoside Hydrolases/immunology, hoffmann, Human, imler, Insect, Insect Proteins/genetics/immunology, M3i, Non-U.S. Gov't, Organ Specificity, P.H.S., reichhart, Reporter, Support, Transfection, U.S. Gov't},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1999
Manfruelli P, Reichhart Jean-Marc, Steward R, Hoffmann Jules A, Lemaitre Bruno
A mosaic analysis in Drosophila fat body cells of the control of antimicrobial peptide genes by the Rel proteins Dorsal and DIF Article de journal
Dans: EMBO J., vol. 18, no. 12, p. 3380–3391, 1999, ISSN: 0261-4189.
Résumé | Liens | BibTeX | Étiquettes: Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Cell Surface, Clone Cells, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fat Body, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, hoffmann, Insect, Insect Proteins, Larva, M3i, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mosaicism, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Receptors, reichhart, Reporter, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors, Transcription Factors
@article{manfruelli_mosaic_1999,
title = {A mosaic analysis in Drosophila fat body cells of the control of antimicrobial peptide genes by the Rel proteins Dorsal and DIF},
author = {P Manfruelli and Jean-Marc Reichhart and R Steward and Jules A Hoffmann and Bruno Lemaitre},
doi = {10.1093/emboj/18.12.3380},
issn = {0261-4189},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-06-01},
journal = {EMBO J.},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {3380--3391},
abstract = {Expression of the gene encoding the antifungal peptide Drosomycin in Drosophila adults is controlled by the Toll signaling pathway. The Rel proteins Dorsal and DIF (Dorsal-related immunity factor) are possible candidates for the transactivating protein in the Toll pathway that directly regulates the drosomycin gene. We have examined the requirement of Dorsal and DIF for drosomycin expression in larval fat body cells, the predominant immune-responsive tissue, using the yeast site-specific flp/FRT recombination system to generate cell clones homozygous for a deficiency uncovering both the dorsal and the dif genes. Here we show that in the absence of both genes, the immune-inducibility of drosomycin is lost but can be rescued by overexpression of either dorsal or dif under the control of a heat-shock promoter. This result suggests a functional redundancy between both Rel proteins in the control of drosomycin gene expression in the larvae of Drosophila. Interestingly, the gene encoding the antibacterial peptide Diptericin remains fully inducible in the absence of the dorsal and dif genes. Finally, we have used fat body cell clones homozygous for various mutations to show that a linear activation cascade Spaetzle--textgreater Toll--textgreaterCactus--textgreaterDorsal/DIF leads to the induction of the drosomycin gene in larval fat body cells.},
keywords = {Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Cell Surface, Clone Cells, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fat Body, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, hoffmann, Insect, Insect Proteins, Larva, M3i, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mosaicism, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Receptors, reichhart, Reporter, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors, Transcription Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1998
Ferrandon Dominique, Jung Alain C, Criqui M, Lemaitre Bruno, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Michaut Lydia, Reichhart Jean-Marc, Hoffmann Jules A
A drosomycin-GFP reporter transgene reveals a local immune response in Drosophila that is not dependent on the Toll pathway Article de journal
Dans: EMBO J., vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1217–1227, 1998, ISSN: 0261-4189.
Résumé | Liens | BibTeX | Étiquettes: Animals, bacteria, Cell Surface, Developmental, Digestive System, Epithelium, Fat Body, Female, ferrandon, Fungal, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Green Fluorescent Proteins, hoffmann, Insect Proteins, Larva, Luminescent Proteins, M3i, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Organ Specificity, Receptors, reichhart, Reporter, Respiratory System, Spores, Toll-Like Receptors, Trachea, Transgenes
@article{ferrandon_drosomycin-gfp_1998,
title = {A drosomycin-GFP reporter transgene reveals a local immune response in Drosophila that is not dependent on the Toll pathway},
author = {Dominique Ferrandon and Alain C Jung and M Criqui and Bruno Lemaitre and S Uttenweiler-Joseph and Lydia Michaut and Jean-Marc Reichhart and Jules A Hoffmann},
doi = {10.1093/emboj/17.5.1217},
issn = {0261-4189},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-08-01},
journal = {EMBO J.},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {1217--1227},
abstract = {A hallmark of the systemic antimicrobial response of Drosophila is the synthesis by the fat body of several antimicrobial peptides which are released into the hemolymph in response to a septic injury. One of these peptides, drosomycin, is active primarily against fungi. Using a drosomycin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene, we now show that in addition to the fat body, a variety of epithelial tissues that are in direct contact with the external environment, including those of the respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts, can express the antifungal peptide, suggesting a local response to infections affecting these barrier tissues. As is the case for vertebrate epithelia, insect epithelia appear to be more than passive physical barriers and are likely to constitute an active component of innate immunity. We also show that, in contrast to the systemic antifungal response, this local immune response is independent of the Toll pathway.},
keywords = {Animals, bacteria, Cell Surface, Developmental, Digestive System, Epithelium, Fat Body, Female, ferrandon, Fungal, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Green Fluorescent Proteins, hoffmann, Insect Proteins, Larva, Luminescent Proteins, M3i, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Organ Specificity, Receptors, reichhart, Reporter, Respiratory System, Spores, Toll-Like Receptors, Trachea, Transgenes},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Levashina Elena A, Ohresser S, Lemaitre Bruno, Imler Jean-Luc
Two distinct pathways can control expression of the gene encoding the Drosophila antimicrobial peptide metchnikowin Article de journal
Dans: Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 278, no. 3, p. 515–527, 1998, ISSN: 0022-2836.
Résumé | Liens | BibTeX | Étiquettes: Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Base Sequence, Cloning, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Genetic, Genetically Modified, Glycopeptides, imler, Insect, Insect Proteins, Larva, M3i, Molecular, Mutation, Peptides, Promoter Regions, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Reporter, Restriction Mapping, Transcription
@article{levashina_two_1998,
title = {Two distinct pathways can control expression of the gene encoding the Drosophila antimicrobial peptide metchnikowin},
author = {Elena A Levashina and S Ohresser and Bruno Lemaitre and Jean-Luc Imler},
doi = {10.1006/jmbi.1998.1705},
issn = {0022-2836},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
volume = {278},
number = {3},
pages = {515--527},
abstract = {Metchnikowin is a recently discovered proline-rich peptide from Drosophila with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Like most other antimicrobial peptides from insects, its expression is immune-inducible. Here we present evidence that induction of metchnikowin gene expression can be mediated either by the TOLL pathway or by the imd gene product. We show that the gene remains inducible in Toll-deficient mutants, in which the antifungal response is blocked, as well as in imd mutants, which fail to mount an antibacterial response. However, in Toll-deficient;imd double mutants, metchnikowin gene expression can no longer be detected after immune challenge. Our results suggest that expression of this peptide with dual activity can be triggered by signals generated by either bacterial or fungal infection. Cloning of the metchnikowin gene revealed the presence in the 5' flanking region of several putative cis-regulatory motifs characterized in the promoters of insect immune genes: namely, Rel sites, GATA motifs, interferon consensus response elements and NF-IL6 response elements. Establishment of transgenic fly lines in which the GFP reporter gene was placed under the control of 1.5 kb of metchnikowin gene upstream sequences indicates that this fragment is able to confer full immune inducibility and tissue specificity of expression on the transgene.},
keywords = {Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Base Sequence, Cloning, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Genetic, Genetically Modified, Glycopeptides, imler, Insect, Insect Proteins, Larva, M3i, Molecular, Mutation, Peptides, Promoter Regions, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Reporter, Restriction Mapping, Transcription},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1995
Lemaitre Bruno, Kromer-Metzger E, Michaut Lydia, Nicolas E, Meister Marie, Georgel Philippe, Reichhart Jean-Marc, Hoffmann Jules A
A recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), defines two distinct control pathways in the Drosophila host defense Article de journal
Dans: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 92, no. 21, p. 9465–9469, 1995, ISSN: 0027-8424.
Résumé | BibTeX | Étiquettes: Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Bacterial Infections, Base Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Glycopeptides, hoffmann, Insect, Insect Hormones, Insect Proteins, M3i, Male, Mutation, Mycoses, Nucleic Acid, Peptides, Protein Binding, Recessive, Regulatory Sequences, reichhart, Reporter, Survival Analysis
@article{lemaitre_recessive_1995,
title = {A recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), defines two distinct control pathways in the Drosophila host defense},
author = {Bruno Lemaitre and E Kromer-Metzger and Lydia Michaut and E Nicolas and Marie Meister and Philippe Georgel and Jean-Marc Reichhart and Jules A Hoffmann},
issn = {0027-8424},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-10-01},
journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.},
volume = {92},
number = {21},
pages = {9465--9469},
abstract = {In this paper we report a recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), that impairs the inducibility of all genes encoding antibacterial peptides during the immune response of Drosophila. When challenged with bacteria, flies carrying this mutation show a lower survival rate than wild-type flies. We also report that, in contrast to the antibacterial peptides, the antifungal peptide drosomycin remains inducible in a homozygous imd mutant background. These results point to the existence of two different pathways leading to the expression of two types of target genes, encoding either the antibacterial peptides or the antifungal peptide drosomycin.},
keywords = {Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Bacterial Infections, Base Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Glycopeptides, hoffmann, Insect, Insect Hormones, Insect Proteins, M3i, Male, Mutation, Mycoses, Nucleic Acid, Peptides, Protein Binding, Recessive, Regulatory Sequences, reichhart, Reporter, Survival Analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}