Publications
2012
Coste Franck, Kemp Cordula, Bobezeau Vanessa, Hetru Charles, Kellenberger Christine, Imler Jean-Luc, Roussel Alain
Crystal structure of Diedel, a marker of the immune response of Drosophila melanogaster Journal Article
In: PloS One, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. e33416, 2012, ISSN: 1932-6203.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Animals, Aphids, Crystallography, imler, Janus Kinases, M3i, Protein Folding, Protein Structure, Signal Transduction, STAT Transcription Factors, Tertiary, Transcription Factors, X-Ray
@article{coste_crystal_2012,
title = {Crystal structure of Diedel, a marker of the immune response of Drosophila melanogaster},
author = {Franck Coste and Cordula Kemp and Vanessa Bobezeau and Charles Hetru and Christine Kellenberger and Jean-Luc Imler and Alain Roussel},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0033416},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {PloS One},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e33416},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Drosophila melanogaster gene CG11501 is up regulated after a septic injury and was proposed to act as a negative regulator of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Diedel, the CG11501 gene product, is a small protein of 115 residues with 10 cysteines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have produced Diedel in Drosophila S2 cells as an extra cellular protein thanks to its own signal peptide and solved its crystal structure at 1.15 Å resolution by SIRAS using an iodo derivative. Diedel is composed of two sub domains SD1 and SD2. SD1 is made of an antiparallel β-sheet covered by an α-helix and displays a ferredoxin-like fold. SD2 reveals a new protein fold made of loops connected by four disulfide bridges. Further structural analysis identified conserved hydrophobic residues on the surface of Diedel that may constitute a potential binding site. The existence of two conformations, cis and trans, for the proline 52 may be of interest as prolyl peptidyl isomerisation has been shown to play a role in several physiological mechanisms. The genome of D. melanogaster contains two other genes coding for proteins homologous to Diedel, namely CG43228 and CG34329. Strikingly, apart from Drosophila and the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, Diedel-related sequences were exclusively identified in a few insect DNA viruses of the Baculoviridae and Ascoviridae families. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Diedel, a marker of the Drosophila antimicrobial/antiviral response, is a member of a small family of proteins present in drosophilids, aphids and DNA viruses infecting lepidopterans. Diedel is an extracellular protein composed of two sub-domains. Two special structural features (hydrophobic surface patch and cis/trans conformation for proline 52) may indicate a putative interaction site, and support an extra cellular signaling function for Diedel, which is in accordance with its proposed role as negative regulator of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.},
keywords = {Animals, Aphids, Crystallography, imler, Janus Kinases, M3i, Protein Folding, Protein Structure, Signal Transduction, STAT Transcription Factors, Tertiary, Transcription Factors, X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2011
Wolff P, Olieric V, Briand J P, Chaloin O, Dejaegere A, Dumas P, Ennifar E, Guichard G, Wagner J, Burnouf D Y
Structure-based design of short peptide ligands binding onto the E. coli processivity ring Journal Article
In: J Med Chem, vol. 54, no. 13, pp. 4627-4637, 2011, ISSN: 1520-4804 (Electronic) 0022-2623 (Linking), (Wolff, Philippe Olieric, Vincent Briand, Jean Paul Chaloin, Olivier Dejaegere, Annick Dumas, Philippe Ennifar, Eric Guichard, Gilles Wagner, Jerome Burnouf, Dominique Y J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 14;54(13):4627-37. Epub 2011 Jun 9.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Crystallography, ENNIFAR, Molecular Oligopeptides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry Protein Binding Structure-Activity Relationship Thermodynamics, Unité ARN, X-Ray DNA Polymerase III/*chemistry DNA Polymerase beta/*chemistry Drug Design Escherichia coli/*chemistry Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry Ligands Models
@article{,
title = {Structure-based design of short peptide ligands binding onto the E. coli processivity ring},
author = {P Wolff and V Olieric and J P Briand and O Chaloin and A Dejaegere and P Dumas and E Ennifar and G Guichard and J Wagner and D Y Burnouf},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=21619076},
doi = {10.1021/jm200311m},
issn = {1520-4804 (Electronic) 0022-2623 (Linking)},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {J Med Chem},
volume = {54},
number = {13},
pages = {4627-4637},
abstract = {The multimeric DNA sliding clamps confer high processivity to replicative DNA polymerases and are also binding platforms for various enzymes involved in DNA metabolism. These enzymes interact with the clamp through a small peptide that binds into a hydrophobic pocket which is a potential target for the development of new antibacterial compounds. Starting from a generic heptapeptide, we used a structure-based strategy to improve the design of new peptide ligands. Chemical modifications at specific residues result in a dramatic increase of the interaction as measured by SPR and ITC. The affinity of our best hits was improved by 2 orders of magnitude as compared to the natural ligand, reaching 10(-8) M range. The molecular basis of the interactions was analyzed by solving the co-crystal structures of the most relevant peptides bound to the clamp and reveals how chemical modifications establish new contacts and contributes to an increased affinity of the ligand.},
note = {Wolff, Philippe
Olieric, Vincent
Briand, Jean Paul
Chaloin, Olivier
Dejaegere, Annick
Dumas, Philippe
Ennifar, Eric
Guichard, Gilles
Wagner, Jerome
Burnouf, Dominique Y
J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 14;54(13):4627-37. Epub 2011 Jun 9.},
keywords = {Crystallography, ENNIFAR, Molecular Oligopeptides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry Protein Binding Structure-Activity Relationship Thermodynamics, Unité ARN, X-Ray DNA Polymerase III/*chemistry DNA Polymerase beta/*chemistry Drug Design Escherichia coli/*chemistry Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry Ligands Models},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2009
Mishima Yumiko, Quintin Jessica, Aimanianda Vishukumar, Kellenberger Christine, Coste Franck, Clavaud Cecile, Hetru Charles, Hoffmann Jules A, Latgé Jean-Paul, Ferrandon Dominique, Roussel Alain
The N-terminal domain of Drosophila Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3) defines a novel family of fungal pattern recognition receptors Journal Article
In: J. Biol. Chem., vol. 284, no. 42, pp. 28687–28697, 2009, ISSN: 1083-351X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Animals, beta-Glucans, Bombyx, Carrier Proteins, Crystallography, ferrandon, Fungal Proteins, Hemolymph, hoffmann, ligands, M3i, Molecular Conformation, Mutagenesis, Polysaccharides, Protein Structure, Secondary, Tertiary, X-Ray
@article{mishima_n-terminal_2009,
title = {The N-terminal domain of Drosophila Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3) defines a novel family of fungal pattern recognition receptors},
author = {Yumiko Mishima and Jessica Quintin and Vishukumar Aimanianda and Christine Kellenberger and Franck Coste and Cecile Clavaud and Charles Hetru and Jules A Hoffmann and Jean-Paul Latgé and Dominique Ferrandon and Alain Roussel},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M109.034587},
issn = {1083-351X},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-10-01},
journal = {J. Biol. Chem.},
volume = {284},
number = {42},
pages = {28687--28697},
abstract = {Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3), a pattern recognition receptor that circulates in the hemolymph of Drosophila, is responsible for sensing fungal infection and triggering Toll pathway activation. Here, we report that GNBP3 N-terminal domain binds to fungi upon identifying long chains of beta-1,3-glucans in the fungal cell wall as a major ligand. Interestingly, this domain fails to interact strongly with short oligosaccharides. The crystal structure of GNBP3-Nter reveals an immunoglobulin-like fold in which the glucan binding site is masked by a loop that is highly conserved among glucan-binding proteins identified in several insect orders. Structure-based mutagenesis experiments reveal an essential role for this occluding loop in discriminating between short and long polysaccharides. The displacement of the occluding loop is necessary for binding and could explain the specificity of the interaction with long chain structured polysaccharides. This represents a novel mechanism for beta-glucan recognition.},
keywords = {Animals, beta-Glucans, Bombyx, Carrier Proteins, Crystallography, ferrandon, Fungal Proteins, Hemolymph, hoffmann, ligands, M3i, Molecular Conformation, Mutagenesis, Polysaccharides, Protein Structure, Secondary, Tertiary, X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kondo J.
[Exploring the "motion" = "function" of the ribosomal A-site molecular switch] Journal Article
In: Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 1356-62, 2009, (0039-9450 (Print) 0039-9450 (Linking) Journal Article Review).
BibTeX | Tags: *Binding, *RNA/genetics, Agents/adverse, Anti-Bacterial, Bacteria/drug, Biosynthesis/genetics, Crystallography, Disorders/genetics, effects, effects/pharmacology, Hearing, Humans, Mutation, Protein, Ribosomes/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology, RNA, Sites, Transfer, Untranslated, WESTHOF, X-Ray
@article{,
title = {[Exploring the "motion" = "function" of the ribosomal A-site molecular switch]},
author = { J. Kondo},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso},
volume = {54},
number = {11},
pages = {1356-62},
note = {0039-9450 (Print)
0039-9450 (Linking)
Journal Article
Review},
keywords = {*Binding, *RNA/genetics, Agents/adverse, Anti-Bacterial, Bacteria/drug, Biosynthesis/genetics, Crystallography, Disorders/genetics, effects, effects/pharmacology, Hearing, Humans, Mutation, Protein, Ribosomes/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology, RNA, Sites, Transfer, Untranslated, WESTHOF, X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2008
Kondo J, Westhof E
The bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomal A-site molecular switches possess different conformational substates Journal Article
In: Nucleic Acids Res, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 2654-2666, 2008, ISBN: 18346970, (1362-4962 (Electronic) Journal Article).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Bacterial/*chemistry RNA, Crystallography, Messenger/chemistry RNA, Molecular Nucleic Acid Conformation Point Mutation RNA/*chemistry/genetics RNA, Ribosomal/*chemistry RNA, Transfer/chemistry, Unité ARN, WESTHOF, WESTHOF Crystallography, X-Ray Hearing Loss/genetics Humans Models
@article{,
title = {The bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomal A-site molecular switches possess different conformational substates},
author = {J Kondo and E Westhof},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18346970},
isbn = {18346970},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Nucleic Acids Res},
volume = {36},
number = {8},
pages = {2654-2666},
abstract = {The A site of the small ribosomal subunit participates in the fidelity of decoding by switching between two states, a resting 'off' state and an active decoding 'on' state. Eight crystal structures of RNA duplexes containing two minimal decoding A sites of the Homo sapiens mitochondrial wild-type, the A1555G mutant or bacteria have been solved. The resting 'off' state of the mitochondrial wild-type A site is surprisingly different from that of the bacterial A site. The mitochondrial A1555G mutant has two types of the 'off' states; one is similar to the mitochondrial wild-type 'off' state and the other is similar to the bacterial 'off' state. Our present results indicate that the dynamics of the A site in bacteria and mitochondria are different, a property probably related to the small number of tRNAs used for decoding in mitochondria. Based on these structures, we propose a hypothesis for the molecular mechanism of non-syndromic hearing loss due to the mitochondrial A1555G mutation.},
note = {1362-4962 (Electronic)
Journal Article},
keywords = {Bacterial/*chemistry RNA, Crystallography, Messenger/chemistry RNA, Molecular Nucleic Acid Conformation Point Mutation RNA/*chemistry/genetics RNA, Ribosomal/*chemistry RNA, Transfer/chemistry, Unité ARN, WESTHOF, WESTHOF Crystallography, X-Ray Hearing Loss/genetics Humans Models},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2001
Moine H., Mandel J. L.
Biomedicine. Do G quartets orchestrate fragile X pathology? Journal Article
In: Science, vol. 294, no. 5551, pp. 2487-8, 2001, (0036-8075 Journal Article).
BibTeX | Tags: Acid, Analysis, Animals, Array, Binding, Brain/metabolism, Conformation, Crystallography, Expression, Fragile, Gene, Genetic, Human, Messenger/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Mice, Nerve, Nucleic, Oligonucleotide, Protein, Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Regions, Regulation, RNA, Sequence, Sites, structure, Synapses/physiology, Syndrome/genetics/*metabolism, Tertiary, Tissue, Translation, Untranslated, X, X-Ray
@article{,
title = {Biomedicine. Do G quartets orchestrate fragile X pathology?},
author = { H. Moine and J. L. Mandel},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Science},
volume = {294},
number = {5551},
pages = {2487-8},
note = {0036-8075
Journal Article},
keywords = {Acid, Analysis, Animals, Array, Binding, Brain/metabolism, Conformation, Crystallography, Expression, Fragile, Gene, Genetic, Human, Messenger/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Mice, Nerve, Nucleic, Oligonucleotide, Protein, Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Regions, Regulation, RNA, Sequence, Sites, structure, Synapses/physiology, Syndrome/genetics/*metabolism, Tertiary, Tissue, Translation, Untranslated, X, X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2000
Delagoutte B., Keith G., Moras D., Cavarelli J.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of yeast arginyl-tRNA synthetase-yeast tRNAArg complexes Journal Article
In: Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, vol. 56, no. Pt 4, pp. 492-4, 2000, (0907-4449 Journal Article).
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: &, Arg/*chemistry/isolation, Arginine-tRNA, cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics, Crystallization, Crystallography, Fungal/chemistry/isolation, Gov't, Ligase/*chemistry/isolation, Non-U.S., purification/*metabolism, purification/metabolism, RNA, Saccharomyces, Support, Transfer, X-Ray
@article{,
title = {Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of yeast arginyl-tRNA synthetase-yeast tRNAArg complexes},
author = { B. Delagoutte and G. Keith and D. Moras and J. Cavarelli},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr},
volume = {56},
number = {Pt 4},
pages = {492-4},
abstract = {Three different crystal forms of complexes between arginyl-tRNA synthetase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae (yArgRS) and the yeast second major tRNA(Arg) (tRNA(Arg)(ICG)) isoacceptor have been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of ammonium sulfate. Crystal form II, which diffracts beyond 2.2 A resolution at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ID14-4 beamline, belongs to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 129.64},
note = {0907-4449
Journal Article},
keywords = {&, Arg/*chemistry/isolation, Arginine-tRNA, cerevisiae/enzymology/genetics, Crystallization, Crystallography, Fungal/chemistry/isolation, Gov't, Ligase/*chemistry/isolation, Non-U.S., purification/*metabolism, purification/metabolism, RNA, Saccharomyces, Support, Transfer, X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brunel C, Romby P
Probing RNA structure and RNA-ligand complexes with chemical probes Journal Article
In: Methods Enzymol, vol. 318, pp. 3-21, 2000, ISBN: 10889976, (0076-6879 Journal Article Review Review, Tutorial).
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Crystallography, Genetic, ROMBY, Unité ARN, X-Ray *Ligands Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism Proteins/chemistry RNA/*chemistry/drug effects/*metabolism Transcription
@article{,
title = {Probing RNA structure and RNA-ligand complexes with chemical probes},
author = {C Brunel and P Romby},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10889976},
isbn = {10889976},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Methods Enzymol},
volume = {318},
pages = {3-21},
note = {0076-6879
Journal Article
Review
Review, Tutorial},
keywords = {Crystallography, Genetic, ROMBY, Unité ARN, X-Ray *Ligands Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism Proteins/chemistry RNA/*chemistry/drug effects/*metabolism Transcription},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1998
Bergdoll M., Eltis L. D., Cameron A. D., Dumas P., Bolin J. T.
All in the family: structural and evolutionary relationships among three modular proteins with diverse functions and variable assembly Journal Article
In: Protein Sci, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1661-70, 1998, (0961-8368 Journal Article).
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acetyltransferases, *Evolution, Acid, Amino, Bacterial, Burkholderia/*chemistry, Crystallography, Data, Genetic, Gov't, Homology, Human, Lactoylglutathione, Lyase/*chemistry, Models, Molecular, Non-U.S., Oxygenases/chemistry, P.H.S., Phylogeny, Protein, Proteins/*chemistry, Secondary, Sequence, structure, Support, U.S., X-Ray
@article{,
title = {All in the family: structural and evolutionary relationships among three modular proteins with diverse functions and variable assembly},
author = { M. Bergdoll and L. D. Eltis and A. D. Cameron and P. Dumas and J. T. Bolin},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Protein Sci},
volume = {7},
number = {8},
pages = {1661-70},
abstract = {The crystal structures of three proteins of diverse function and low sequence similarity were analyzed to evaluate structural and evolutionary relationships. The proteins include a bacterial bleomycin resistance protein, a bacterial extradiol dioxygenase, and human glyoxalase I. Structural comparisons, as well as phylogenetic analyses, strongly indicate that the modern family of proteins represented by these structures arose through a rich evolutionary history that includes multiple gene duplication and fusion events. These events appear to be historically shared in some cases, but parallel and historically independent in others. A significant early event is proposed to be the establishment of metal-binding in an oligomeric ancestor prior to the first gene fusion. Variations in the spatial arrangements of homologous modules are observed that are consistent with the structural principles of three-dimensional domain swapping, but in the unusual context of the formation of larger monomers from smaller dimers or tetramers. The comparisons support a general mechanism for metalloprotein evolution that exploits the symmetry of a homooligomeric protein to originate a metal binding site and relies upon the relaxation of symmetry, as enabled by gene duplication, to establish and refine specific functions.},
note = {0961-8368
Journal Article},
keywords = {*Acetyltransferases, *Evolution, Acid, Amino, Bacterial, Burkholderia/*chemistry, Crystallography, Data, Genetic, Gov't, Homology, Human, Lactoylglutathione, Lyase/*chemistry, Models, Molecular, Non-U.S., Oxygenases/chemistry, P.H.S., Phylogeny, Protein, Proteins/*chemistry, Secondary, Sequence, structure, Support, U.S., X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1997
Westhof E, Patel D J
Nucleic acids. From self-assembly to induced-fit recognition Journal Article
In: Curr Opin Struct Biol, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 305-309, 1997, ISBN: 9204270, (0959-440x Editorial Review Review, Tutorial).
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Catalytic/chemistry/metabolism, Crystallography, Electron/methods Models, Molecular Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleic Acids/*chemistry/*metabolism Proteins/chemistry/metabolism RNA/*chemistry/*metabolism RNA, Unité ARN, X-Ray/methods DNA/chemistry Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods Microscopy
@article{,
title = {Nucleic acids. From self-assembly to induced-fit recognition},
author = {E Westhof and D J Patel},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9204270},
isbn = {9204270},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Curr Opin Struct Biol},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {305-309},
note = {0959-440x
Editorial
Review
Review, Tutorial},
keywords = {Catalytic/chemistry/metabolism, Crystallography, Electron/methods Models, Molecular Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleic Acids/*chemistry/*metabolism Proteins/chemistry/metabolism RNA/*chemistry/*metabolism RNA, Unité ARN, X-Ray/methods DNA/chemistry Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods Microscopy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1994
Dumas P., Bergdoll M., Cagnon C., Masson J. M.
Crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis of a bleomycin resistance protein and their significance for drug sequestering Journal Article
In: EMBO J, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 2483-92, 1994, (0261-4189 Journal Article).
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acetyltransferases, &, Acid, Amino, Bacterial, Bacterial/*genetics, Base, Binding, Bleomycin/*metabolism/pharmacology, Conformation, Crystallization, Crystallography, Data, Drug, Fusion, Genes, Gov't, Microbial/genetics, Models, Molecular, Mutagenesis, Non-U.S., Protein, Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/isolation, Proteins/isolation, purification, purification/metabolism, Recombinant, Relationship, Resistance, Secondary, Sequence, Site-Directed, Sites, Structural, structure, Structure-Activity, Support, X-Ray
@article{,
title = {Crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis of a bleomycin resistance protein and their significance for drug sequestering},
author = { P. Dumas and M. Bergdoll and C. Cagnon and J. M. Masson},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-01-01},
journal = {EMBO J},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {2483-92},
abstract = {The antibiotic bleomycin, a strong DNA cutting agent, is naturally produced by actinomycetes which have developed a resistance mechanism against such a lethal compound. The crystal structure, at 2.3 A resolution, of a bleomycin resistance protein of 14 kDa reveals a structure in two halves with the same alpha/beta fold despite no sequence similarity. The crystal packing shows compact dimers with a hydrophobic interface and involved in mutual chain exchange. Two independent solution studies (analytical centrifugation and light scattering) showed that this dimeric form is not a packing artefact but is indeed the functional one. Furthermore, light scattering also showed that one dimer binds two antibiotic molecules as expected. A crevice located at the dimer interface, as well as the results of a site-directed mutagenesis study, led to a model wherein two bleomycin molecules are completely sequestered by one dimer. This provides a novel insight into antibiotic resistance due to drug sequestering, and probably also into drug transport and excretion.},
note = {0261-4189
Journal Article},
keywords = {*Acetyltransferases, &, Acid, Amino, Bacterial, Bacterial/*genetics, Base, Binding, Bleomycin/*metabolism/pharmacology, Conformation, Crystallization, Crystallography, Data, Drug, Fusion, Genes, Gov't, Microbial/genetics, Models, Molecular, Mutagenesis, Non-U.S., Protein, Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/isolation, Proteins/isolation, purification, purification/metabolism, Recombinant, Relationship, Resistance, Secondary, Sequence, Site-Directed, Sites, Structural, structure, Structure-Activity, Support, X-Ray},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}