Pathogenesis of bacterial infections and immunity

@article{malanagahalli_few_2020,

title = {Few Layer Graphene Does Not Affect Cellular Homeostasis of Mouse Macrophages},

author = {Sowmya Malanagahalli and Diane Murera and Cristina Martín and Hazel Lin and Nadége Wadier and Hélène Dumortier and Ester Vázquez and Alberto Bianco},

doi = {10.3390/nano10020228},

issn = {2079-4991},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},

volume = {10},

number = {2},

abstract = {: Graphene-related materials (GRMs) are widely used in various applications due to their unique properties. A growing number of reports describe the impact of different carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT), on immune cells, but there is still a very limited number of studies on graphene. In this work, we investigated the biological responses of few layer graphene (FLG) on mouse macrophages (bone marrow derived macrophages, BMDMs), which are part of the first line of defense in innate immunity. In particular, our paper describes our findings of short-term FLG treatment in BMDMs with a focus on observing material internalization and changes in general cell morphology. Subsequent investigation of cytotoxicity parameters showed that increasing doses of FLG did not hamper the viability of cells and did not trigger inflammatory responses. Basal level induced autophagic activity sufficed to maintain the cellular homeostasis of FLG treated cells. Our results shed light on the impact of FLG on primary macrophages and show that FLG does not elicit immunological responses leading to cell death.},

keywords = {Autophagy, bone marrow derived macrophages, carbon nanomaterials, Dumortier, graphene, I2CT, primary immune cells, Team-Bianco, Team-Dumortier},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rauti_graphene_2019,

title = {Graphene Oxide Flakes Tune Excitatory Neurotransmission in Vivo by Targeting Hippocampal Synapses},

author = {Rossana Rauti and Manuela Medelin and Leon Newman and Sandra Vranic and Giacomo Reina and Alberto Bianco and Maurizio Prato and Kostas Kostarelos and Laura Ballerini},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04903},

issn = {1530-6992},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Nano Letters},

volume = {19},

number = {5},

pages = {2858--2870},

abstract = {Synapses compute and transmit information to connect neural circuits and are at the basis of brain operations. Alterations in their function contribute to a vast range of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and synapse-based therapeutic intervention, such as selective inhibition of synaptic transmission, may significantly help against serious pathologies. Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial largely exploited in multiple domains of science and technology, including biomedical applications. In hippocampal neurons in culture, small graphene oxide nanosheets (s-GO) selectively depress glutamatergic activity without altering cell viability. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and growing evidence suggests its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we demonstrate that s-GO directly targets the release of presynaptic vesicle. We propose that s-GO flakes reduce the availability of transmitter, via promoting its fast release and subsequent depletion, leading to a decline ofglutamatergic neurotransmission. We injected s-GO in the hippocampus in vivo, and 48 h after surgery ex vivo patch-clamp recordings from brain slices show a significant reduction in glutamatergic synaptic activity in respect to saline injections.},

keywords = {Animals, Excitatory Amino Acid Agents, glutamate, Glutamic Acid, graphene, Graphite, hippocampal network, Hippocampus, Humans, I2CT, Nanostructures, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurons, Newborn, Primary Cell Culture, quantum dots, Rats, synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Team-Bianco, Wistar},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ji_physically-triggered_2019,

title = {Physically-triggered nanosystems based on two-dimensional materials for cancer theranostics},

author = {Ding-Kun Ji and Cécilia Ménard-Moyon and Alberto Bianco},

doi = {10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.010},

issn = {1872-8294},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews},

volume = {138},

pages = {211--232},

abstract = {There is an increasing demand to develop effective methods for treating malignant diseases to improve healthcare in our society. Stimuli-responsive nanosystems, which can respond to internal or external stimuli are promising in cancer therapy and diagnosis due to their functionality and versatility. As a newly emerging class of nanomaterials, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted huge interest in many different fields including biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the past decade, stimuli-responsive nanosystems based on 2D nanomaterials have been widely studied, showing promising applications in cancer therapy and diagnosis, including phototherapies, magnetic therapy, drug and gene delivery, and non-invasive imaging. Here, we will focus our attention on the state-of-the-art of physically-triggered nanosystems based on graphene and two-dimensional nanomaterials for cancer therapy and diagnosis. The physical triggers include light, temperature, magnetic and electric fields.},

keywords = {2D Materials, Animals, Diagnosis, graphene, Graphite, Humans, I2CT, Light, Magnetic Fields, Nanomaterials, Nanostructures, Neoplasms, Team-Bianco, Theragnosis, Theranostic Nanomedicine, therapy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fadeel_safety_2018,

title = {Safety Assessment of Graphene-Based Materials: Focus on Human Health and the Environment},

author = {Bengt Fadeel and Cyrill Bussy and Sonia Merino and Ester Vázquez and Emmanuel Flahaut and Florence Mouchet and Lauris Evariste and Laury Gauthier and Antti J Koivisto and Ulla Vogel and Cristina Martín and Lucia G Delogu and Tina Buerki-Thurnherr and Peter Wick and Didier Beloin-Saint-Pierre and Roland Hischier and Marco Pelin and Fabio Candotto Carniel and Mauro Tretiach and Fabrizia Cesca and Fabio Benfenati and Denis Scaini and Laura Ballerini and Kostas Kostarelos and Maurizio Prato and Alberto Bianco},

doi = {10.1021/acsnano.8b04758},

issn = {1936-086X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {ACS nano},

volume = {12},

number = {11},

pages = {10582--10620},

abstract = {Graphene and its derivatives are heralded as "miracle" materials with manifold applications in different sectors of society from electronics to energy storage to medicine. The increasing exploitation of graphene-based materials (GBMs) necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of these materials on human health and the environment. Here, we discuss synthesis and characterization of GBMs as well as human and environmental hazard assessment of GBMs using in vitro and in vivo model systems with the aim to understand the properties that underlie the biological effects of these materials; not all GBMs are alike, and it is essential that we disentangle the structure-activity relationships for this class of materials.},

keywords = {Animals, carbon nanomaterials, environment, Environmental Monitoring, Exposure, graphene, Graphite, hazard, Health, Humans, I2CT, life cycle assessment, Materials Testing, Nanostructures, Risk Assessment, safety, Structure-Activity Relationship, Team-Bianco, Toxicity},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{russier_few-layer_2017,

title = {Few-Layer Graphene Kills Selectively Tumor Cells from Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients},

author = {Julie Russier and Verónica León and Marco Orecchioni and Eri Hirata and Patrizia Virdis and Claudio Fozza and Francesco Sgarrella and Gianaurelio Cuniberti and Maurizio Prato and Ester Vázquez and Alberto Bianco and Lucia G Delogu},

doi = {10.1002/anie.201700078},

issn = {1521-3773},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)},

volume = {56},

number = {11},

pages = {3014--3019},

abstract = {In the cure of cancer, a major cause of today's mortality, chemotherapy is the most common treatment, though serious frequent challenges are encountered by current anticancer drugs. We discovered that few-layer graphene (FLG) dispersions have a specific killer action on monocytes, showing neither toxic nor activation effects on other immune cells. We confirmed the therapeutic application of graphene on an aggressive type of cancer that is myelomonocytic leukemia, where the monocytes are in their malignant form. We demonstrated that graphene has the unique ability to target and boost specifically the necrosis of monocytic cancer cells. Moreover, the comparison between FLG and a common chemotherapeutic drug, etoposide, confirmed the higher specificity and toxicity of FLG. Since current chemotherapy treatments of leukemia still cause serious problems, these findings open the way to new and safer therapeutic approaches.},

keywords = {Acute, cancer therapy, Chronic, Cultured, graphene, Graphite, Humans, I2CT, Immune System, leukemia, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Myeloid, Myelomonocytic, myelomonocytic leukemia, Nanomaterials, Particle Size, Surface Properties, Team-Bianco, Tumor Cells},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}